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Abstract Kermanshah Province is rich in karst water resources due to its geologic, geomorphologic and climatic features. The response of karst springs to drought is varied because of different characteristics of folded and fractured karst zones. The aim of this research is the recognition of discharge fluctuations and behavior of karst springs in folded and fractured Zagros zones when drought happens. Therefore, the year 1386-87 has been chosen as the year of severe drought by using SPI index. Then by analyzing the hydrograph and hyetograph, calculation of discharge coefficient variation, variation range alpha coefficient the type of the spring systems have been determined. Eventually, the way that springs have been affected by drought has been investigated. The results of study show that the springs of fractured Zagros belong to conduit type and springs of folded Zagros belong to diffuse type. The impact of the drought on all the springs has been occurred without any delay and nearly at the same time. Springs of fractured Zagros zone have a response to maximum rainfall with a three-month delay and then these springs have been dried near to complete. The only impact of severe drought on folded Zagros springs is limited to discharge decrease and no time can be exactly determined for folded Zagros springs reactions to the drought. Finally, folded Zagros springs have been affected by the drought less than the fractured ones and these springs have greater potential for water resources sustainablity using and management.

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Ecotourism has long been recognized as one of the most attractive forms of tourism, and due to its significantly less dependency on investment compared to other forms of tourism, it has attracted attention of many experts and managers. Considering the importance of ecotourism in Iran’s Kermanshah province due to its natural potentials and continental variety and compatibility of this type of tourism with the sustainable development concept, therefore due to the environmental conditions of its regions, and on the other hand, necessity of strategic planning in this field, the main aim of this study is to formulate developmental strategies for the ecosystem of the Kermansha province using the SWOT model and theEvidential 20 English Abstracts Reasoning (ER) Approach. The SWOT method was used to extract possible strategies considering internal and external factors, and the Evidential Reasoning (ER) Approach was employed to prioritize and select superior strategies considering lack of access to adequate information. Finally, two strategies assigning management and exploitation of recognized ecotourism locations to the private sector and planning to create combined ecotourism tours with other prioritized areas of tourism in the province were chosen as priority strategies for developing ecotourism in the province.