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Abstract Housing as a major structural part of the settlement, having major role in the formation of spatial structure and identity of rural architecture, and The most important measure of housing satisfaction can be summed up in its strength. With respect to the unstable in geographical conditions in relation to earthquake as a natural disaster in Iran, and thanks to it`s non-compliance with technical standards in the construction, the use of traditional and non-resistant building materials and housing was worn, leading to greater vulnerability of rural settlements to earthquake disaster. The aim of this study was to investigate the situation and determine the vulnerability of rural housing in Sjasroud County in Zanjan Province. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews and analyzed through SPSS statistical tests. The results of data analysis shows low local capacity to deal with housing in earthquake vulnerability among families, and of inadequate local capacity allocated to physical capacity of housing. In addition, regression analysis showed that the local capacity for economic and physical factors, respectively, with 0.491 and 0.298 the highest level of institutional and social factors, with 0.126 and 0.160 having the lowest impact on the vulnerability of housing in study area.

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The old texture of Kashan is one of the worthy old textures that is confronted with physical, social and economical changes due to some difficulties such as the lack of suitable facilities, economic decline, physical and social wear, etc. Different encounters with the procedure of current changes and processes have caused the physical and spatial construction of the texture to change and while changing the form of the texture, it gradually reflects the undesired features of the new texture in itself and presents an abnormal appearance within the framework of the qualities of the organic texture. Therefore, in this research, the spatial physical processes were studied with an emphasis on the processes which change the form and appearance of the texture and the impact of the spatial set up and the finally old physical construction of the historical city on the procedure of the growth and development. For studying and clarification of this research, a combination of descriptive, analysis and survey methods has been performed. The consequences of the data analysis, clarifies that the masonry quality and the materials used in the building of residential masons, are the effective factors in form transformation and morphology and the physical transformation of Kashan old texture. So that more than 60 percent of residential masonry form 400 studied units in Kashan old texture area are destroyed and repaired, based on the quality and built of bricks and mud based materials. Also the study shows that the high building expenses especially in the center of the texture, lack of the appropriateness of the ancient transport bands with the modern needs and eventually the decrease in texture dependency among the youth and unaboriginal migrants are the most significant factors that play an important role in texture form and physical transformation.

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The recognition of physical-spatial development patterns of cities is necessary for achieving to urban sustainability. Because, many of scientists believed that a meaningful relation between urban form and urban sustainability exist. With attention to this issue, the purpose of this research is evaluating of Sabzevar physical-spatial development pattern with using quantities models such as size-rank rule, Gini coefficient, relative entropy, geary coefficient, density gradient and correlation analysis. Methodology of research is combination of inductive and apriority methods. The results of this research indicated that during 1993-2006 years, gross population density of Sabzevar very reduced and from 128 per/h received to 76 per/h. this reduction says that in these periods Sabzevar have had sprawl. Investigation of size-rank rule represented that during 1921-2006 rate of physical development growth is much more than rate of population growth. Density gradient in sabzevar in 2006 is reducing with distance from city center. It means that in Sabzevar city outskirts is developing. Investigation of Equal distribution grade of population with using Gini and relative entropy coefficient indicated that population distribution in Sabzevar in 2006 rather than 1993 has been equaled. Surveys of agglomeration grade of population with use of geary coefficient shows that distribution of population in Sabzevar city in 1993 has been random agglomeration while in 2006 became sprawl. The use of Holdern model indicates that significant part of sprawl in Sabzevar city has been occurred during 2003-2006 years. In these years, 30 percent of urban physical growth derives population growth and 70 percent of this growth derives sprawl and horizontal expansion and finally, Correlation analysis indicates that between gross population density and variables such as statistic district area, literacy, family dimension and family in residential unit had existed significant relations. Pay attention to this issue that during 1993-2006 years, sprawl has been one of the important features of physical development Sabzevar, it is necessary to urban Manager's restrict factors that create sprawl and horizontal expansion in Sabzevar city.

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Abstract: In this article, transformation of urban historic core was attended according to spatial parameters. Main question of this research was how physical changes can effect on spatial structure of a Sabzevar city? Physical- spatial structure is one of the parameters that can be considered as an indicator in urban transformation. This article aims to describe physical-spatial structure transformation of Sabzevar city from 1907 to 2007. Methodology of this article is quantitative-comparative and is based on the space syntax theory and spatial measurements such as integration value, mean depth, control and connectivity in each period. in 1907, analysis indicated that, in historic core, parameters as mean integration was 0.4946, while mean depth was 18.6059, the connectivity 2.1661 and control was 0.9983. According to these, Sabzevar city is consistent with the hierarchy and solidarity structure and bazaar is the most integrated city space (0.7433). In this period bazaar had a major role in the development and transformation of the city. But at the present time, destroyed bazaar and construction of various streets in addition to the physical separation in space and the whole city has created historical context with caused isolation of historic core. Analysis indicates that parameters such as mean integration were 0.8715, mean depth was 12.5638, the connectivity being 2.3759 and control to be 1.0239. The highest integrated space is Beihagh street with integration value of (1.216).

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Gully erosion is one of the erosive processes that mostly contribute to shape the earth surface. The development of gullies causes the loss of a great amount of soil and can be considered as one of the principal causes of geo- environmental degradation in eastern shores of Urmia Lake. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors influencing on dynamic of area Gullies in a time period one year. For this purpose, in this research was used amount of Electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), PH of soil type, morphometric for classification and analysis of affecting factors in creating Gully erosion and climatology index , humidity index in regional formations for analysis of creating potential of Gully. Analysis of texture selective samples indicated fine particles of geological formations because of the weak structure of Aggregates have provided Suitable conditions for Longitudinal and latitudinal development of Gully. So that morphometric monitoring results of area Gullies is indicator high dynamic and growth rate area Gullies. The high concentration of soluble salts In particular, high levels (EC and SAR) have caused dissolution erosion and Piping erosion. Results indicated that creating of Gully erosion in area is impressed from two factors: 1. Climatic factors that create runoff and change in permeability rate 2. Physical and chemical characteristics of area soil.

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                As the city developed and expanded to deal with environmental factors (climate and geomorpholic) and matters related to them will be greater. To the development of cities in a way is in the relationship with the dynamics and the dynamics of the natural environment. In dealing with these factors in the development of the city if you do not adhere to certain principles and essential tips the environment morphodinamic balance is destroyed and the most significant risks use and municipal facilities will be threaten in the city development. This study aimed to evaluate and determine the best direction for the physical development of Meshginshahr city natural based on a set of indicators such as Faults and geological structure, surface water, soil depth and texture, lines and land use to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards have been done by Using the weighted overlay model of the environment (GIS) and Swat. How to value in the optimal directions of the city development is classifiedin 4, the very poor, poor, fair good, and good levels. The results of studies, further sections of the city developed in relatively good land and and other parts of Meshginshahr, especially the marginal formed in unsuitable lands. Also part of the city that designed and built based on the previous plan are located in unsuitable lands and sometimes in very poor lands and limited parts of the city have been formed in the appropriate lands. Therefore, it is necessary to do the next city development in proper to relatively good lands to be avoided from risks and damages to the lives and property of the city and citizens living in the future. Thus according to the valuation was carried out, it is optimal to develop Meshginshahr city in the north and northwest and southwest portions and do all investments and projects, and programs to develop Meshginshahr in the directions mentioned.

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As a developed and institutionalized concept, sustainable development has become a comprehensive framework for understanding and analyzing the issues that cities face. As geographical systems, small towns have been created under the influence of space-making factors and forces in a spatial-temporal process, and have always been developed by internal and external process (social, economic, environmental and spatial). As a vital and inseparable ring of settlement at the national, regional and local levels, these towns consist of interrelated components and their sustainable development will result in local and regional sustainable development. Therefore, sustainable development of small towns is an important process and fundamental approach which formed the main framework of the present study. In this regard, physical sustainability concept in the sustainability framework of small towns shows the balance and vibrancy of these small settlements in relation to physical – spatial structures, so that it guarantees the sustainability of settlements in the spatiotemporal trends. So it can be considered a process of development and change, with the aim of improving the quality and quantity of the city's physical structure, among which identifying and strengthening the physical sustainability indicators seeking to improve the physical quality of human settlements and living and working environments of all people, especially poor people, on the way to sustainability is an issue of paramount importance. Therefore, this study is aimed to identify and explain the trend of development changes in physical-infrastructural structure of small towns, and to increase the conceptual-functional importance of physical indicators in small towns of the province. Sustainability Barometer model and radar were used for analyzing the data. The statistical population used in this study consisted of small towns in Mazandaran province. The results show that only the component of functional integration in small towns was in moderate sustainability level, and components of places and facilities qualities were in poor sustainability conditions. Overall, the results indicate that there is weak sustainability in physical dimension of urban sustainable development in small towns.

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Extended abstract:

1-Introduction

Due to the increasing urban population, sprawl and horizontal growth of cities is inevitable. During the last half century, Horizontal growth of cities, that commonly called dispersion or sprawl growth, is taking place not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. Smart growth is used as a new model of urban planning, to manage the development process. Smart growth is a planned development in order to create higher density areas (compact urban form), integration activities and the development of the inner city, mixed use, walkable community development, reducing environmental pollution, increasing utility of public transport, accessing to urban services and the improvement of environmental quality. This model of urban planning, includes environmental, social and economic considerations and results sustainable development in urban areas.

The results of the studies indicate that sprawl and horizontal growth of Tabriz has run its upward trend since 1335. Lack of planning and the right contraption to stop sprawl growth, can doubled many existing problems, including the destruction of agricultural lands, reduce environmental and infrastructure facilities, integration of village, physical disorders and etc. Therefore, with a comprehensive look of smart growth pattern, Tabriz city can be benefited from this approach to managing its development.

2- Methodology

data collection method for studying, conclusions and determine the indexes and the core components of smart growth, is in the form of studying documents and libraries resources and also domestic and foreign research studies carried out in this field. Finally, access and communication, physical-land use, socio-economic and environmental issues are chosen as the main and dominant indicators for smart growth. Entropy and TOPSIS models are used to determine and analysis of smart growth set in each of the Municipality of Tabriz and Finally, each of Tabriz Municipality, have scored based on smart growth indexes. Finally, using documents and libraries resources, some of the components involved and effective in obtaining a high score were selected and analyzed and GIS and Isrisi software has been used to analyze, calculate and output the data.

3– Discussion

Smart growth is a simple phrase, but it has a complex concept and includes a set of principles for land use and transportation that is at odds with the dispersion. Smart growth is a thought toward creating comprehensive and holistic community. According to Bullard, this movement is seeking to growth management through the creation of healthy communities, habitable and sustainable. Smart Growth emphasizes on access; while sprawl growth emphasizes on mobility (physical movement) and car rides. Smart growth decreases distances between activities and supports different patterns. Sprawl growth, resulting in longer trips but is faster by car, while smart growth will result in shorter and slower trips. As the comparison between the two models, smart growth pattern more benefits than sprawl growth pattern and can help better to improve the quality of life in cities. Smart growth indexes are discussing about land use diversity, the access and the quality of the environment in relation to population density; therefore, land use capita and contribution of each of them are considered. How the proportion of public and mixed uses, building density, green space and open space, sidewalks and other public programs in areas are bigger, shows that it is smarter. Smart Growth has special emphasize on the use of public transport, development of sidewalks, encourage and create parking lots, limiting the adverse impacts (noise, odor and traffic), reducing air pollution, according to communications and physical infrastructure, according to the distance home and work, work and leisure, economic vitality, preserving cultural and historical places, reducing water pollution, improve public health and access to services and education.

Take a look at the development of the city of Tabriz in recent years and the high population, researchers have to do studies and researches, based on the principles of smart growth development of the city of Tabriz. In this research, Entropy and TOPSIS models are used to determine and analysis of smart growth set in each of the Municipality of Tabriz.

4– Conclusion

The horizontal extension of cities that is called sprawling was being happened like a phenomenon in last fifty years in developed and developing countries. Smart growth of cities is one of the modern patterns of urban planning for organizing city developments and a reaction against the sprawl developing of cities. Smart growth affects the better using of lands and planning process on transportation. Renewed forming of cities, guiding them for having exponent community or desirable access to environment is strategy of smart growth of cities. The aim of this research is to study and evaluate the criteria of smart growth with using of different aspects like economic – social, environmental, physical and accessibility and the approach of this research is descriptive – analytical. In is order it is used quantitative models of planning, TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making methods for rank categories. The results show that the area₁ in economic – social criteria, area₃ in accessibility criteria, area₂ in environmental criteria and area₃ in physical criteria are the first priority in their categories. In the ultimate rank category area₂ get the first priority and the area₁₀ get the last priority. Due to the results zones are categorized in for groups:

1. Ultra-development areas: area 2

2. Development areas: area 1

3. Moiety development areas: area 3, 4, 5, 6, 8

4. None development areas: area 7, 10

 Due to staying the area₂ in the first priority, it is evaluated and showed the proximity in elements of quality to the standard parameters with GIS software.

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Abstract
One of the important features of urbanization in Iran is the rapid expansion of the cities. This expansion depends on geographic and environmental conditions. Topography and geomorph­ology Landforms in locating, developing, physical development and morphology of cities have a significant impact. The aim of this study is to identify natural restrictions (geomorphology) and propos eappropriate place to determine the physical development of Kho­rr­amabad Lorestan Province Neotectonic index stressed. To do this geomorphological evidences such as height and tilt of the city, also Neotectonic indexes such as SL, S, SMF and Fd are used. To extract and analyze data from topographic maps, geological, digital elevation model (DEM) and the Arc GIS 10.5, Global Mapper 18 software for calculation, cutting and, production of new maps have been used. Based on the results of S in the range of 1/22 and the SL for a total of Khorramabad River within the city limits 151/6 are obtained. The average index Smf for the northern and southern mountain Khorramabad city 0.988 and The average index FD for the northern and southern mountain city is 0.302. IAT indexis used to assess these index and based on the results of this index in the range of extreme activities Nontectonic Khormamabad in class 1.
 

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ABSTRACT

Soil erosion and sediment production is including fundamental limitations in the useing of soil and water resources. The sediment yield of watersheds in addition to the loss of soil and soil fertility decline, caused reducing water quality. Therefore, evaluation processes that govern their behavior to better understand and explain the systems Watershed management practices is essential. The aim of this study is to estimate the total sedimentation determine of the basin. Studies obtained in the sub-basin of Saman 1, Vrkbar 1, four level 2 including R and R2 provides the same results in other sub-basins and the results have changed slightly. After calculating the data in tables results were compared with geomorphology. The results obtained by Hydro physical indicated that the basin Hryqan 2 with scaling potential 9.724 (including R2) in km2 highest and sub-basin four level 2 scaling potential 1.147 have been severity of erosion, but the way geomorphology sub-basin fence Tea 1 with producing potential 07 / 6 highest and sub-basin Hryqan 1 with producing potential 226/1147 least erosion was in the case study. The results obtained in the method Hydro physical indicated the index R2 be the better results than the R. comparing the two models showed that for determining erosion potential watershed geomorphology method is more suitable from method of Hydro physical.

Key word: hydro physical model, erosion, geomorphology model, sediment, saman watershed.

Introduction

Nearly 2 billion tons of resource soil   is destroyed and massive damage equivalent to 18.5 × 1012 Rails enter the country. Therefore to prevent this damage, it is needed adopt suitable management for preventing erosion and sediment movement. Soil erosion is one form of soil degradation. While erosion is a natural process, human activities have increased by 10-40 times the rate at which erosion is occurring globally. Excessive (or accelerated) erosion causes both "on-site" and "off-site" problems. On-site impacts include decreases in agricultural productivity and (on natural landscapes) ecological collapse, both because of loss of the nutrient-rich upper soil layers. In some cases, the eventual end result is desertification. Off-site effects include sedimentation of waterways and eutrophication of water bodies, as well as sediment-related damage to roads and houses. Water and wind erosion are the two primary causes of land degradation; combined, they are responsible for about 84% of the global extent of degraded land, making excessive erosion one of the most significant environmental problems world-wideSoil erosion is a naturally occurring process on all land. The agents of soil erosion are water and wind, each contributing a significant amount of soil loss each year. Soil erosion may be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed, or it may occur at an alarming rate causing serious loss of topsoil. The loss of soil from farmland may be reflected in reduced crop production potential, lower surface water quality and damaged drainage networks  To archive to the aim the accurate data about the erosion in the watershed is necessary (intended, H. 1389: 18). Since soil erosion can be studied qualitatively and quantitatively, there are many models and more models for evaluation and were not giving much information about the erosion of soil. Specify a successful strategy to prevent erosion and reduce soil erosion depends on the mutual understanding between soil quality and erosion.

Material and methods 

In order to achieve the purpose of the research the case study be studied and identify based on the model of geomorphology and geo physical. In this study, to obtain the production of sediment and soil erosion the geomorphology and hydro physical models be used. In the research,   to prepare the database for estimation of sediment and erosion suitable map were produced, the including topography map, slop map, land use map, caver map,   the layer database in the environment GIS  software corrected and analysis.  In the research using hydro physical and geomorphology models was used to estimate erosion and sediment production. Many data were collected by field.

Result

According to the results of study in Table 11 by Hydro physical model -sub-basin Hryqan 2 with producing potential 9.724 (including R2) highest and sub-basin four level 2 sby producing potential 1.147 least severe erosion was, but in the geomorphology model sub-basin fence Tea 1 by producing potential 07/6 was the highest rate producing erosion and sediment in case study and    Hryqan 1 basin with producing potential 226/1147 be least erosion in the case study. The results of table 4 showed then the hydro physic model including R2 have better results than R, because the results obtained with R2 in the geomorphology model showed the   closer result. After calculating the data in tables results were compared with geomorphology. The results obtained by Hydro physical indicated that the basin Hryqan 2 with scaling potential 9.724 (including R2) in km2 highest and sub-basin four level 2 scaling potential 1.147 have been severity of erosion, but the way geomorphology sub-basin fence Tea 1 with producing potential 07 / 6 highest and sub-basin Hryqan 1 with producing potential 226/1147 least erosion was in the case study. The results obtained in the method Hydro physical indicated the index R2 be the better results than the R. comparing the two models showed that for determining erosion potential watershed geomorphology method is more suitable from method of Hydro physical.

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A cities main structure is equal to its basement and makes it unique and different. Theoretical framework of studying urban structure is concentrated on the theory of urban morphology. Urban morphology is a systematic consideration of frame, shape, map, structure and functions of urban built texture and its origin and style of development, in pass of time. The theory of planning based on analyzing traditional cities, to obtain manufacturing process according to buildings and open areas classification, form their primary position to present changes, is call "space syntax". According to this fact that, a city reflects cultural developments, a cities' active history is considered based on what is built. The method of urban textures withdraw contains streets and blocks, and is the main tool of it. This method is a combination of German and Italian morphology classes, and is considered as an interior/ recognition approach. The main structure is an approach with holistic view to urban texture and takes its generality. This approach completes studies of urban texture and clears relationship between parts and their role in forming a whole. In this article, we propose to combine the study of urban structure development, with the theory of main structure, to obtain a holistic process. The outcome process can be used, in a part of city that has most of identities and characters of whole city through studying this part of city. We can obtain a general recognition of whole structural characters, of the cities.

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Objectives
Nowadays, Considering to the role and value of land in development and space management process, observation and analysis of the causes and consequences of land use changes in rural areas, especially areas that are in high tensions with urban areas, is of paramount importance. Land use changes, for any reason, could be effective in the organizing of physical and socio-economic impacts in rural spaces. Today, using and organization of land is one of the most important principles of spatial planning, because realization of various aspects of physical compliance standards such as accessibility, proximity, the safety and space efficacy depends on proper management of land. On the other side, land use and ways of using it in public, has always been the source of conflicts and social problems and conflicts between public resources and legal rights and how to exploit it. But the land and the loss of land and construction in rural areas is a main topic that nowadays, considering to development and growth of the population and changing the currents and interaction of urban and rural areas, is highly regarded. Shandiz rural district as a part of Binalodd Township had been experimented increasing land use changes in recent years and this study tried to analyzing the reasons and result of these changes.
 
Methodology
Shandiz district is located at a distance of 15 kilometers from the northwest side of Mashhad, and its total population contain 30981 persons, with a rural population of 20553 people. It has 27 rural areas that 7 villages (Sarasiab, Hessar Sorkh, Veirani, Abardeh Olya, Zoshk, Chah Khaseh, and Archang) with the most changes in land uses are chosen as case study area according to the formal data given by the Housing Foundation and the data is collected accordingly. The present study aims at achieving a clear picture of the effects of land use changes of Shandiz district on a conceptual basis. To achieve this, grounded theory approach is used. The grounded approach is among qualitative methods of research which is used for investigating social processes in human interactions. In this method, data collection, analysis and final theory have close relationship with each other and the author does not begin the work with the theory he/she has in his/her mind, but starts the work in the reality domain and lets it emerge through the data he/she collects.
 
Discussion
Since the conceptual model of theoretical fundamentals has three main parts, that is, (a) causes and contributing factors; (b) process and changes; and (c) results and consequences, the questions and investigations are organized in such a way that this process is realized and the three structural components are implemented in some way.
Step 1: Causes and Factors Affecting Changes in Land Uses
In Step 1, to explain and draw theoretical and fundamental model, some questions were posed concerning the causes of changes in land uses and the villagers' tendency to such changes. As can be seen by the results of total percentages of each dimension, the most frequency of the causes and factors affecting such changes in land uses relates to social and legal dimension with a frequency of 38.5% and then, relates to economic causes with a frequency of 29.93%. Environmental and institutional-regulatory causes rank second in terms of importance.
Step 2: Types of Changes in Land Uses and the Process Required for Such Purpose
In the next section, one makes investigation into the most common types of changes in land uses among the villages of the study area. Accordingly, in most of the villages of the study area, the most common type of such change was from farmlands and orchards to residential lands and/or lands used for tourism services. Investigation into the changes in land uses and its most common types are in fact indicative of this important point that these changes can be explained in two internal and external types. In internal changes, most of the agricultural activities change from one type into another one, that, which protection of natural resources and the view of the land and village, no residential building or industrial products have been erected or manufactured which disturb the arrangement and layout.
Step 3: Effects and Consequences of Change in Land Uses
Given the results obtained, the most important consequences of change in land use in villages can first be attributed to the environment of the village and imbalance between environmental cycles of these areas so that this dimension with a cumulative frequency of 48.5% is higher than economic effects (27.28%) and social effects (24.28%). This result may be a warning for environmental crises in rural areas and, consequently, increasing relations between city and village because most of these effects are resulted from the role a village plays as a service provider to urban tourists on a direct basis.
Result
According to the results from the study, the most important causes and factors affecting change in land use in the study area can be social-legal, economic, environmental, regulatory and institutional ones. Accordingly, failure to organize and properly supervise the price of land, decreased support of agriculture, and the problems due to market and profitability of this activity can be such causes and factors which may lead to such changes in favor of industrial constructions and/or decrease such environmental potentials as green and agricultural lands in rural areas. Accordingly, in the 1st dimension, it is recommended that in order to reduce these changes, some support policies are made by the authorities concerned in the field of agricultural production as well as some regulatory laws are strictly enforced in rural areas. Given the fact that the most changes are made for the purpose of increased human constructions and environmental degradation, with development of interactions between villages and cities in these areas, degradations due to the presence of tourists and villa construction will lead to many economic and social changes such as ecosystem imbalance, native population's leaving the villages and immigration to cities, and decreased agricultural productions during a long time.

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Marls form the weakest part of geological formations that are highly erosive. Sustainable action in soil stabilization is biological operations. The dense cover of Pasture rangeland species in some areas of Marl has caused soil stability in these areas. It seems that some of the physical and chemical properties of marls play role in creating such a cover in areas covered by marl formations. This research was conducted with the aim of carefully and systematically study of plant species and determining their site needs and protective role in three eastern, southern and western regions in Ilam city. For this, 30 marl deposit samples were collected from three ranges and physical and chemical tests were performed on its. Botanical studies were also performed using repeated field visits and plot establishing at 180 locations, and plant samples were identified after transfer to herbarium. Results showed that, giving the stratigraphy of Marl Gorpi, Pabdeh, Gachsaran and Aghajari formations, sediments of these three regions in terms of salinity (EC), specific gravity (BD), sodium (Na +) and Soil saturation percentage (SP) and some physical parameters such as gravel, sand and silt particles have significant differences which R2 has shown significant statistical effect of soil physical and chemical properties on plant cover type. This difference could be as one of the effective factors in the diversity and difference of vegetation grown in three areas. In this research, the site need of plant species compatible with marl type and soil protection role of each of them in eastern, western and southern regions of Ilam city has been introduced.
 

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Many behavioral anomalies in different urban societies, while having historical, cultural and economic roots, Are affected by the quality of life and emotions transmitted from the living space. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between the physical sustainability of neighborhoods and their relationship with the level of social sustainability of urban neighborhoods as dimensions of quality of life. The research method is descriptive-analytical with field studies. The research unit is the central and primary neighborhoods of Ardebil city. They include the neighborhoods of the Aliqapu or Darvazeh, Sarcheshmeh, Tova, Gazaran, Ochdukan and Pir Abdol-Malek. The sample size was estimated to be 384 according to Cochran formula. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software and AMOS software was used for path analysis. Research findings show that physical sustainability components (including the quality of spatial form and texture, accessibility to Urban uses and services or visual form) are Compared with other components and even social sustainability components to quality The lives of urban dwellers have a profound impact. The results show that in Ardebil city's central neighborhoods, social stability of residents (3.13) is better than the physical stability of the desired neighborhoods (2.87). Also, based on the results of the present study, the physical quality of urban environment can significantly (up to 59%) predict the satisfaction of residents' quality of life.
 

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In the 21st agenda of the United Nations for sustainable development, the issue of health and how to effectively improve the quality of human settlements is emphasized. Many works have been done in the theoretical field of factors related to social health and quality of place in the countries of Iran, but in terms of implementation, they are far behind the desired point and are influenced by factors related to the structure of urban spaces, economy and city function, and social orientations, culture and It becomes political. The current research is in the category of applied research that has been carried out with an analytical method and a mixed approach. According to the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the amount of environmental factors and the social health of citizens in the new context with a positive and significant correlation coefficient of 0.894, in the context of the traditional context with a negative and significant correlation coefficient of -0.347. Also, Pearson's correlation coefficient to check the significance of the relationship between physical factors and the level of social health is positive and significant in the new texture with a correlation coefficient of 0.852 and in the traditional texture with a correlation coefficient of 0.411. The results of the one-sample t test show that the level of physical and environmental related factors in the tissue level of new neighborhoods is higher than the criterion (70). Therefore, it can be said that the standard of environmental and physical factors in the new tissue is at a high level, but at the level of the traditional neighborhoods, this value is low. According to the ANOVA test results, the level of significance in two physical and environmental components (sig<0.05) can be said that there is a significant difference between the physical and environmental factors and their components in the new and traditional neighborhoods of Ahar city. The city of Ahar, while having 3 distinct official, worn-out and informal textures, at the level of the central, historical and worn-out neighborhoods (877,040 square meters), the worn-out texture of the Blue Mosque neighborhood (229,903 square meters) and the worn-out texture of the fringes (784,200 square meters) is also different. It shows significance and in terms of indicators related to physical environmental factors, they do not reflect a standard situation in terms of social health.