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From the Perspective of strategic knowledge, one of the methods for preventing crises is knowing the nature of crises. Whatever the different dimensions of crises are studied further, a better and more complete understanding will be achieved. On the other hand, recognizing the crises in each region plays a major role in establishing peaceful relations and in spite of the existence of tensions with the countries of that region. Some of these crises are afforded essentially a geopolitical nature. Less region such as South Asia, which can clearly explain geopolitical crises. South Asia has experienced decades of conflict since World War II, and geopolitical crises are features of the region. This paper analyzes the geopolitical crises of South Asia by descriptive-analytic method. The results of this paper show that the quality of geopolitical crises in South Asia is influenced by factors such as the competition of intra-regional powers, territorial crises, water crises, and ethnic-religious crises

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 At the same time as entering the third millennium and with increasing population, in many countries demand for water in order to supply dem world population needs has increased considerably. But because of scarcity of water resources and water crisis in intire world the concept of water security and water poverty persresented into the economic literature of countries wich facing water crisis. Water poverty is one of the greatest challenges of this century and the multidimensional crisis of the next incoming decades in the world, especially in countries with low lelvel of water resources. This crisis can lead to many changes in the world. In this paper, unlike the usual methods op other lasr aricles to calculate water poverty, we calculate the water poverty index is on the base of Catastrophe theory multi-criteria evaluation system and mathematical fuzzy logic method. The sub-indices  wich used to calculate the water poverty are including: water resources (water deficit ratio, surface water supply ratio, the proportion of other factors in water supply), access to water (per capita water resources, price elasticity of water demand, Gini coefficient for domestic use), capacity of Underground aquifers (groundwater utilization rates, surface water utilization rates, dilution rates), using of water resources (per capita consumption of water for irrigation in the agricultural sector, per capita consumption of drinking water, per capita consumption of water in Industrial sector) and environmental integrity (surface water drying, desertification rate, create desert rate). The results of calculating the water poverty index during the period from 1989 to 2015 indicate the upward trend of this indicator and its subset components, which indicates the worsening of the state of water security in Iran in recent years and possibly the deterioration and continuation of this complicated situation for next decades. In the other hand, as the current trend continues, both in terms of resources and in terms of managing the production and consumption of the country's water resources, Iran is gradually losing its ground and becoming poorer in terms of water resources.

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Abstract

The variety of damage caused by earthquakes in different places is a reason to think about pre-crisis situations. How has social justice and spatial justice been in this land, and how has the structure of the political economy governing this geography been organized, that the occurrence of a natural phenomenon such as an earthquake leads to many human and natural disasters. In recent years, one of the most important components considered by city planners to reduce earthquake damage has been social and symbolic capital and its spatial reproduction. This concept is often associated with civil participation and parallel to cooperation and integration networks, but other very abstract concepts are associated with social capital, such as: cohesion, trust, trade-offs and institutional efficiency. The current research is carried out in a descriptive and analytical method and the operational field of the research test is in the three spatial scales of the neighborhood, the street and the entire area of ​​a city in Tabriz. They play an important role in reducing vulnerability caused by earthquakes.