دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Analysis of factors affecting livability Urban Distressed Areas (Case Study: Texture of old city)
1
25
FA
Place of friendly people and the relationships between them, then they should at least provide the environment for their residents By The lack of integration and poor strategies in the urban planning and providing infrastructure, productivity, and Zist the stability of the city of especially the possibility of randomly selected for evaluation. Based on the findings of a study, the results showed that the average livability Distressed city is 2.65. And then the physical parameters 10.26- statistics, environmental statistics, 9.532-, 7.859- economic and social statistics are calculated by 6.246- in next orders.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Identifying Suitable Areas for Dry-farming Wheat in Zanjan Province Based on Agricultural Climatic Parameters
47
66
FA
Climate knowledge and investigating in climatologic requirements of plants is taken into account as a the most salient factor in cultivation. It can be determined the climatic potential conditions in the various regions and utilize them to a large extent by investigating in agro-meteorology. In this research, it has been applied the Geographic Information System to generate the climatic potential maps for Zanjan Province. To this purpose, the 30-year statistical records of climatology/synoptic stations have been used in the province of Zanjan. It was determined the date of cultivation for each section of the province after obtaining the beginning date of autumn precipitations for each part of the province. In the next step, the rainfall element was used for producing the isohyets climatic maps of annual rainfall, rainfall in the germination, blossoming, and ripe periods. The isotherm climatic maps of germination’s suitable temperature, thermal tensions during the blossoming, ripe periods were provided for the whole province. In the long run, the climatic potential regionalization map of dry-farming wheat was produced through overlying the relevant maps by GIS. The outputs showed that the major suitable regions for dry-farming of wheat are in the South and Central areas of the province. In contrast, the regions located in the North of the province – upland and sharp steep regions of Alburz mountain chain - hold ordinary and feeble conditions in the light of wheat cultivation.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Application of new multi-criteria decision making methods for the estimation of flooding potential with emphasis on geomorphic factors (Case Study: Ajorlu Basin)
67
82
FA
Ali
Dalal ughli
M.H.
Fathi
Kazem
khoshdel
Abstract
Flooding of major natural disasters in the world. With increasing intensity and frequency of flood events, global concerns about increased mortality and economic losses resulting from increased. This study aimed to determine areas of potential flooding, river basin Ajurloo chay using a new approach to multi-criteria decision systems and fuzzy model is zoning. In the field of natural and man-eight parameters including rainfall, land use, the morphological characteristics such as steep slopes, altitude, vegetation index, and distance from major rivers, drainage density and lithology is used to run the model. After producing layers of the field visit and satellite images were used in order to obtain the required layers. Then, gathered through questionnaires and expert opinion using the AHP, the weight assigned to each criterion and sub is found, then the overlapping layers in GIS and flood risk maps were prepared using fuzzy operators. According to the map of the area of the silkhisi, regionalization is a very high risk in the basin have been located upstream, this high slope often 40 percent levels, low vegetation density, range of diverging with convex profiles they established. A flood risk map were in the regionalization of the area, with a very high risk in the basin are located downstream. These areas are often low-slope areas converge with concave profiles, levels, areas and rivers make up the margin.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Spatial Analysis of the Instability slope in Mahabad Dam watershed
83
101
FA
Manijeh
Ghahroudi Tali
University of Shahid Beheshti
Dawood
Talebpour Asl
Kharazmi University of Tehran
Recently, Use of fuzzy sets has been considered by geomorphologists. due to consider a range of possibilities instead of numbers, no limits on quantitative methods and a more accurate prediction of the instability slopes. The aims of this study are identify areas with high susceptibility of instability slope in Mahabad watershed has been done using fuzzy model. At first, the factors affecting on the occurrence mass movement were determined. These effective factors were mapped with satellite image (ETM+), topographic map (1/50000), geological map (1/100000), and field surveys. Then, the additive and multiplicative algebraic function fuzzy, carried out on factors and overlaps were done. Finally, based on the best possible gamma (Gamma 0.7), the final mass movement susceptibility map has been obtained. The results showed that about 33.8 percent (equal to 254.64 km2) of the total area of Mahabad watershed have “high” and “very high” the susceptibility of mass movements. Comparison of the final maps with the effective factors indicating that the areas with the possibility of very high are according to areas of slope degrees of over than 20 percent, elevation of sea of over than 2300 meters, regions with a high density of faults and the steep terraces river.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Analyzing synoptic patterns of snowfall in Kermanshah
103
119
FA
majid
rezaee banafsheh
University of Tabriz
saied
jahanbakhsh asl
University of Tabriz
esmaeil
haghighi
University of Tabriz
In this Research, the main synoptic patterns affecting snow with an environment-to-circulation approach in Kermanshah station in the West of Iran have been studied. To this end, the daily data of this snow station from January 1951 to December 2004 was collected from Iran Meteorological Organization. Also, to identify patterns of climate, sea level pressure, and temperature data, daily averages of temperature and pressure set of 500 HP data daily mean the reanalysis database by the United States Environmental Forecasting Center on the same date was collected, clustered, and categorized to analyze the temperature and pressure data on atmospheric patterns. Then, by analyzing the maps of all days the number of clusters was determined so that three of them justified the snowfall patterns in the region in the best way. Finally, to identify the most important systems, the combined patterns of sea level pressure and temperature and height and temperature level of 500 of each cluster were drawn and analyzed, forming the basis of this research. The results showed that snow in the west of Iran is affected by different systems near and far in the area, that is 1- formation and strengthening the European high pressure in northwestern of Iran 2- area located on the Mediterranean trough 3- the spread of Polar Vortex of the Southern latitude 4- Strengthening the Siberian High and the Himalayas in the Northeast and East of Iran 5- spread and penetration of Low pressure Sudan to the west of Iran. Consequently, the snowfall of these patterns can be classified in three clusters.1- low snowfall 2- moderate snowfall 3- heavy Snow.When these systems are less severe and extended, low and sporadic snowfall when strengthened, moderate snowfall and when they are at the peak of their activities, heavy snow in this area is witnessed.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Investigating the impact of watershed management projects on quality of life in rural areas of Ba-bol County
121
142
FA
This study aimed to assess the impact of watershed management projects on quality of life in rural areas of Babol County. The statistical population includes 5225 heads of households in eight villages targeted for watershed management projects in Babol County in which 300 samples were selected by Cochran Formula. Based on appropriate allocation among three groups of villages with strong, medium and weak watershed management activities samples were selected. Random sampling method was used to select head of households within villages. A questionnaire was used in order to collect data and its face and content validity was verified using comments of faculty members and local experts and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed according to calculate Cronbach's alpha between 0.68 to 0.96. Results of one-sample t-test showed that quality of life level in villages with strong and medium watershed management activities were lesser than average. While in villages with weak watershed management activities the level of quality of life was greater than average. Five components of quality of life were compared among three groups of villages through one-way ANOVA test. Result showed that average means of economical, physical and environmental components in villages with weak watershed management activities were better than two other groups. While assessing social components showed that the situation in villages with strong watershed management activities was better than other two groups. The results of this research revealed that large watershed management projects with long-term effect have on contribution on quality of life in rural areas. Moreover small biological projects which objective and tangible effect on livelihood activities has more contribution on quality of life in rural areas.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Renovation and upgrading of old texture with a strategy of sustainable urban development approach By combining Operators GIS and FAHP (Case Study: Izeh the central region)
143
164
FA
saeed
maleki
university
ali
shojaeean
university
gasem
farhmand
university
Distressed fact that so far has affected many historic towns. It is crystal clear that the growth of urban fabric has disrupted by this issue and so is leaded to around. Therefore, in addition to the destruction of internal and historical texture, the substantial costs of creating new textures of the city are imposed to the cities. The aim of this research priority areas studied in order to apply the improvement and modernization. To achieve this goal, 5 main variables decay include dating, price, type of materials, area and the accessibility of textures has been used. Survey data and variables were analyzed by using fuzzy operators (Sum, Gama, Product) in GIS software environment Also, with weight bearing selection criteria, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), was used in order to compare. Finally, the results obtained from the fuzzy AHP and fuzzy operators, to identify the best places for the improvement and modernization of the decay, the analogy is compered. Results obtained suggest that in accordance with the functions and models used, in the outer parts of the research context (i.e. meters with an area of post-traumatic 236103 share% 65 of total tissue) due to the proximity to the main street and construction are relatively better than the inner part of the tissue (with an area of %28 m2 i.e. 100754 percent of the total share of the tissue), a lower priority for the renewal of ppt. Moreover, based on FAHP, an area of over 47,569 m2 (with 13 percent of whole regions) applies for the development of the proposal. Of course, this applies to the operator for more details on Gama with accuracy and relative to other functions and fuzzy AHP model has been shown.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Estimation of variation rate of wind erosion zones based on the IRIFR model and land use and landcover extraction model by using Landsat satellite images (case study: Mazhan district, South Khorasan province)
165
185
FA
Mahdi
Saghafi
Payame Noor University
Abolfazl
Rahmani
Hakim Sabzevari University
The estimated surface area affected by human-induced soil degradation is 24 percent of the inhabited land areas. A major impact of desertification is loss of biodiversity and loss of capacity of land is known as desertification. Desertifications permanently, but not exclusively occur in arid regions. Mazhan district of Birjand city have agriculture and livestock activities, including areas affected by severe wind erosion in the South Khorasan province. Average annual rainfall in the district during a 20 year period equal to 154 mm and are generally dry and desert climate. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability of wind erosion zones specified period using Landsat satellite images. Wind erosion models are used for a variety of purposes including estimating consequences of wind erosion, as well as for designing erosion control measures. For applying wind erosion model, one has to clearly define the objective of assessment and also to check if required data for running the model is available. In this paper, combining data from two models: the model of wind erosion IRIFR zoning and land use land cover classification using satellite images is done. Finally, multivariate statistical method of principal component analysis, the spatial and temporal variability of wind erosion zone is studied. The results indicate the highest rate of occurrence of wind erosion in areas of moderate intensity on the geomorphologically alluvial fans. The first principal component, which contains 98.89% of the variation in the areas of wind erosion is the best representative of the area during the period under consideration.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Effect of tissue density on speed of the wind flow in part of Tehran Elahiyeh
187
203
FA
Batool
zeinali
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Firuzeh
Karami
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
shahryar
khaledi
Shahid beheshti uni
Sayyad
asghari
Urmia university
Wind on land is an important factor for the exchange of heat and transportation of microscopy and non-microscopic particles from one point to another. So it has important role in reducing pollutants entering the urban spaces. The physical elements of the urban tissue, such as orientation of the streets and distribution of high-rise buildings have important role in secondary patterning the wind flow. Because of Tehran Elahiyeh is one from the densest of urban tissues in north of Tehran city, so wind features was evaluated in this part because of showing this tissue role in weather pollutants increasing. For this purpose, hourly data of wind velocity and orientation of North Tehran meteorological station (Aghdasiyeh) in period 1988-2009 was used. Wind speed changes in the Elahiyeh area tissue were evaluated in heights of 2 and 10 meter because of different features of station around tissue. The wind speed of threshold was calculated to remove the heat island effect, then the predominant wind directions and theirs frequency was evaluated. Accordingly, the district tissue was simulated using the Arc Scene of ArcGIS software. Also, the effects of high-rise buildings on wind flow patterns were studied for samples buildings by the Reynolds Law. Results are indicator important decrease of wind velocity in Elahiyeh area tissue in compared to station tissue due to high-rise buildings in this tissue. Annual and seasonal frequency of wind velocity indicated that more of % 60 from winds frequency is calm and dominate wind directions are west north-east south and north-south. Simulation of area tissue showed that the highest tissues are exactly in direct of dominate wind. Theses tissues prevent from flow of wind that consequently increase pollution and Thermal Island at area. Amount of threshold wind in three of statistical periods indicated that threshold wind velocity is low so it prevents from weather suitable ventilation in area. Calculation of Reynolds number for samples buildings in area showed that Reynolds number is more of 200000 that is indicator random whirlwind in cannon trail area.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Methods in Predicting Daily Time Series of Minimum and Maximum Temperature and Precipitation in Tangab Dam Station (Fars Province)
205
228
FA
ali
ajamzadeh
Development of a prediction hydrological model based on past records depends on the proper prediction and understating of time series effective on water resources to manage and plan water reservoirs effectively. In recent years, a growing issue in this context is the application of artificial intelligence techniques in modeling, forecasting and recovery of hydrological data. This paper compares the artificial intelligence methods in predicting and recovery of time series of daily minimum and maximum temperatures and precipitation in Tangab dam station. Both series (using delay in the series) and nearby stations are used in this study to recover and predict data. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), radial basis functions(RBF), support vector machine (SVM), fuzzy inference system (FIS) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methods have been studied. In order to evaluate the performance of these models, the mean squared error (MSE), correlation coefficient (R), variance and standard deviation of obtained data, as well as graphical diagrams have been used. The results showed the inefficiency of the models in predicting precipitation, but these can be used in recovering the precipitation and predicting temperature.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
The analysis of gap between the cities of East Azerbaijan province during development trajectory between 1997 and 2012
229
253
FA
hassan
ahmadi
akbar
velaii
nader
zali
Masoud
Zamnipoor
One of the major steps in regional planning is recognition of economic, social, cultural, and political inequality as well as other development aspects in different regions. The objective of this study is to analyze and examine the development trend of different cities of the East Azerbaijan province as possessed development indicators between 1997 and 2012. The research is a descriptive one and in terms of data collecting it is a documentary research. Weighted numerical taxonomy method and cluster analysis were applied for classification and also standard deviation for analyzing the development trend of the East Azerbaijan over the mentioned period. The average score of numerical taxonomy of province’s cities showed that facilities and services did not develop enough to fit the population in various areas of the province. Standard deviation of numerical taxonomy scores have reached from 0.136 to 0.083 which indicates a decline both in development gap and in inequalities among cities of the province. The redults show that cities of Tabriz and Maragheh are the most developed cities while Khoda-afarin and Charavimagh the poorest cities of the province. In general, cities of the the eastern half of the province are more developed than those of western half of the province. Regarding development downward trend among cities of Azerbaijan province since 1997 to 2012 and also a decline in inequalities level in the province it is said that a decline in inequalities amongst cities led to a decrease in the degree of development throughout the geographical scope of the province. Continuity of this trend will intensify the deprivation crisis throughout the development process of the province.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Fractal Analysis in Zarrineroud River Using Box-Counting Method
255
270
FA
heeva
elmizadeh
kmsu
omid
mahpeykar
kmsu
Fractal geometry has found many applications within the realm of sciences in recent decades. The use of fractal models in the study of geomorphologic phenomena expanded in recent years. The most important feature of the research on this phenomenon is the fractal dimension. In this study, fractal analysis was conducted for Zarineroud Basin located in northwest of Iran, using the box-counting method. to achieve this aim, according to Rodriguez-Iturbe and Rinaldo's method by using Satellite imagery and topographic maps in seven various scales (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 meters), we count the covering cells by river, then river systems are extracted by using Arc GIS software and acquire the box-counting dimension. The fractal dimension obtained for the river (1.04) is close to the Euclidean value. That means that these fractal dimensions do indicate the meandering pattern complexity characteristic of this river. whereas a low fractal dimensions could indicate the existence of controlling processes on the evolution of the element studied.That means the network river is self-affine and its shape changes for difference's scale. Then the river geometry has not been published equally in all directions. In present landscape river network, branches with a low order, join the main branch directly.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
The Evaluate of Geographical Factors Effect in Groundwater Fluctuating of Parsabad of Moghan Plain
271
287
FA
Mohammad Ali
Zangameh Asadi
Shram
Bahrami
elahe
akbari
behroz
pourskandar
In recent years, groundwater fluctuations and rising of Parsabad plain in recent years has resulted in the formation of some problems such as water logging and salinity of agricultural lands as well as in the destruction of rural and urban's building foundations and in the subsidence of roads and building. In this research, considering geomorphology features and the style of their effects on groundwater fluctuations by means of Geographical Information System (GIS), the trend of groundwater was modeled so that the effect of groundwater fluctuation can be minimized by change in irrigation system. The monthly data of 30 observational well, geological, topographical, climatic data, soil and territorial recourses of study area was used for surveying the level of groundwater fluctuations. Using the 2002 to 2008 period data, trend of groundwater fluctuation and hydrograph level were drawn. Then the relationship between different geographic factors and groundwater fluctuation were evaluated. Pearson correlation and linear multivariate regression model between effective parameters in groundwater fluctuation and were prepared, in which operation criteria in test course shows adequate performance of mentioned model. The obtained results imply the increase in groundwater level of plain and that its flow is from south to north especially northeast. It was found that, among factors, elevation, slope, earth material (porosity and transition capacity) are highly effective, permeability, precipitation and evaporation are less effective in groundwater fluctuation whereas the depth of groundwater doesn’t have any effect on groundwater fluctuation. Operating continuous draining in most part of plain and modifying irrigation system from traditional to mechanized system can prevent the salinity of cultivated soils and the subsidence of some homes.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
Teleconnection pattern,Eastern Mediterranean Oscillation(emo), Precipitation,West of Iran.
289
309
FA
saeid
basati
Precipitation variability and drought - wet forecasting are related to changes in signals of atmospheric - oceanic.Considering this, the most important goal this study is to investigate the relationship of stations rainfall in the West of Country and the Eastern Mediterranean Oscillation. Hatzaky and Flokas identified two cores using methods of correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) on a monthly and seasonal time series which were situated between the East Mediterranean and Northeastern Atlantic and at 300 and 500 hPa levels that named as the eastern Mediterranean pattern (EMP).To identify the relationship between rainful in west of Iran and eastern meditrranean oscillation,the values of this index which are standardized have been studied and compared with normalized data of country,s west stations rainful,using pearson correlation analysis,linear and polynomial process. The study results show that ther is a negative correlation between the stations precipitation of the north of the under study region and the above mentioned oscillation,and ther is a strong positive correlation in southern stations,that most of them are meaningful at 0.05 level. Also, this study proves that stations precipitation in southern half of the under study region in positive phases increases from 5 to 41 mms and in negative phases decreases from 4 to 20 mms.But, contrary to southern half, in the northern half the rainful increases up to 8 mms in negative phases and precipitation decreases in posetive phases.
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر
Geographic Space
1735322X
17
59
2017
12
1
A review of groundwater nitrate and phosphate place changes and identify the most important factors of pollution through the evaluation of the methods of the Kriging and Co- Kriging series, and multiple regression model in watershed of Golestan province Gharahsoo
311
330
FA
The contamination of groundwater in relation to agricultural activities and urban development is one of the most important issues in the management of this valuable resource. Earth statistics and geographic information system techniques can be a strong tool in the production of spatial data and determine the appropriate management strategies. In this study with comparing of Kriging and Co- Kriging series Earth statistics methods, determine the most appropriate method of providing location changes map the amount of groundwater phosphate and nitrate with emphasis on the for drinking. The study area in this research, Gharah- Soo watershed, located in the West of Golestan province. Accuracy evaluation of the results and determine the most appropriate method of interpolation also is done by using criterion of mutual transvaluation and by using criterions of Root Mean Square Error, General Standard Deviation and Mean Absolute Error. Compare of methods represents a high throughput method of Co- Kriging using auxiliary variable, an estimated amount of nitrate and phosphate. In the next step using multiple linear regression, identify factors affecting on the reduction of water quality. Based on the results of the multiple linear regression modeling, independent variables of elevation, soil, distance from land farming, geology, land use, population density and nitrogen fertilizer consumption at the level of 99 percent have significant impact. Distance from residential areas, underground water level and distance of road level also at the level of 99 percent have significant relationship with the distribution of Nitrate. In the case of the phosphate, independent variables of distance from forest, geology and population density, at the level of 99% and the independent variable the relationship between the cultivation area density and the amount of in phosphate fertilizer consumption in level of 95%, have a significant relationship with the distribution of phosphate in Gharah- Soo watershed. The results of the sensitivity analysis of the model with the use of explaining coefficient also this confirms the content. Map Preparation of water quality parameters spatial variations can be in programmed and decisions useful future managers.The contamination of groundwater in relation to agricultural activities and urban development is one of the most important issues in the management of this valuable resource. Earth statistics and geographic information system techniques can be a strong tool in the production of spatial data and determine the appropriate management strategies. In this study with comparing of Kriging and Co- Kriging series Earth statistics methods, determine the most appropriate method of providing location changes map the amount of groundwater phosphate and nitrate with emphasis on the for drinking. The study area in this research, Gharah- Soo watershed, located in the West of Golestan province. Accuracy evaluation of the results and determine the most appropriate method of interpolation also is done by using criterion of mutual transvaluation and by using criterions of Root Mean Square Error, General Standard Deviation and Mean Absolute Error. Compare of methods represents a high throughput method of Co- Kriging using auxiliary variable, an estimated amount of nitrate and phosphate. In the next step using multiple linear regression, identify factors affecting on the reduction of water quality. Based on the results of the multiple linear regression modeling, independent variables of elevation, soil, distance from land farming, geology, land use, population density and nitrogen fertilizer consumption at the level of 99 percent have significant impact. Distance from residential areas, underground water level and distance of road level also at the level of 99 percent have significant relationship with the distribution of Nitrate. In the case of the phosphate, independent variables of distance from forest, geology and population density, at the level of 99% and the independent variable the relationship between the cultivation area density and the amount of in phosphate fertilizer consumption in level of 95%, have a significant relationship with the distribution of phosphate in Gharah- Soo watershed. The results of the sensitivity analysis of the model with the use of explaining coefficient also this confirms the content. Map Preparation of water quality parameters spatial variations can be in programmed and decisions useful future managers.