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Presenting an optimal model of urban justice in the city of Sari with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) and structural equation modeling
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Javad Asghari GHajari   , Abbas Arghan *1 , Mohamadreza Zand Moghadam |
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Abstract: (50 Views) |
Introduction and Objective: Urban justice, as one of the fundamental concepts in modern urban planning, seeks a fair distribution of facilities and services among citizens. Spatial inequalities in Iranian cities, especially Sari, double the necessity of providing a local and optimal model. This research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating a comprehensive model for realizing urban justice in the city of Sari.
Methodology: The research was conducted with a mixed exploratory approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, using the grounded theory method and conducting 15 semi-structured interviews with experts (city managers, professors, and experts), as well as using the technique of taking notes from theoretical literature, the dimensions and components of urban justice were identified. Then, using the brainstorming technique and obtaining a quorum of experts, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed. In the quantitative section, the data obtained from the questionnaire (distributed among 384 employees of the municipality and governorate of Sari) were analyzed using structural equation modeling with a partial least squares approach and Smart PLS software. Findings: The results of the qualitative section led to the identification of three main dimensions of urban justice: 1) spatial justice (with 12 components including educational, medical, cultural, religious services, etc.), 2) distributive justice (with 4 main components including residents' needs, access, spatial distribution, and service efficiency), and 3) structural justice (with 6 components including freedom, equality, diversity, entitlement, democracy, and public interest). The findings of the quantitative section showed that all the identified components have appropriate factor loading and validity (Cronbach's α > 0.94, AVE > 0.55). Based on the path coefficients, spatial justice had the highest impact with a coefficient of (0.471), followed by distributive justice (0.363) and structural justice (0.177).
Conclusion: The model presented in this study provides a comprehensive and local framework for measuring and promoting urban justice in Sari. The results show that to achieve urban justice, focusing on improving and distributing spatial services (such as developing green spaces, medical and educational centers) is the first priority, and then attention should be paid to mechanisms for the fair distribution of services and participatory and legal structures. |
Article number: 2 |
| Keywords: Urban justice, spatial justice, distributive justice, structural justice, Sari city, structural equation modeling (SEM), mixed approach. |
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Full-Text [PDF 2188 kb]
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2026/05/15
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