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Evaluation of the Impact of Biophilic Indicators on Residential Satisfaction in Apartment Complexes (Case Study: Region One of Kermanshah City)
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Behnam Shiroyeh Zad1   , Raana Aghajani Refah *1 , Hossein Esmaeili Sangari2 |
1- Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran & Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2- Member of the faculty of the Research Institute of Historical Buildings and Textures, National Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism & Member of the faculty of the Research Institute of Historical Buildings and Textures, National Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism |
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Abstract: (170 Views) |
Rapid urbanization, as the dominant paradigm of the present era, has fundamentally challenged the quality of life in Iranian metropolises. This trend has taken on particularly complex dimensions in cities like Kermanshah, which face both accelerated population growth and unplanned physical expansion. This study investigated the relationship between biophilic design indicators and residential satisfaction in apartment complexes in Region 1 of Kermanshah. The research employed a survey method, distributing questionnaires among 400 residents of ten residential complexes in the area. Findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between all biophilic dimensions (physical, perceptual, functional, and ecological) and residential satisfaction. The strongest correlation was with the physical dimension (r = 0.682). Analysis revealed a clear duality. On one hand, visual components such as natural light (mean: 4.88) and views (mean: 4.33) were well-realized. On the other hand, structural and tangible components like the use of authentic natural materials (mean: 2.90) and fluid forms (mean: 2.44) were severely neglected. This gap was also evident in social and ecological dimensions; while access to green space (mean: 3.90) was rated favorably, the space's capacity for hosting collective rituals (with 87% negative feedback) and rainwater management systems (with 87% negative feedback) were entirely overlooked. In conclusion, while the findings confirm the positive impact of a biophilic approach on residential satisfaction, the dominant pattern can be described as "performative biophilia," where nature appears merely as a decorative image, stripped of its constructive, community-building, and ecological roles.
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Article number: 5 |
| Keywords: : Biophilic Design, Residential Satisfaction, Apartment Complex, Mental Health, Connection with Nature |
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Full-Text [PDF 1305 kb]
(63 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/12/21 | Accepted: 2026/05/19 | Published: 2026/06/17
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